Basic drawing of one’s biannual lifestyle stage off P. cimiciformis. Intimate reproduction happen with the P. terebinthus trees, the no. 1 machine, in which as much as five additional morphs exists. Of those years, three develop to the type of galls that they trigger inside their host’s makes. Toward the end of summer, the final generation created into the galls contains winged aphids you to travel on the origins many gramineous varieties, its second host. Here, they begin a sequence out-of supply-house wingless parthenogenetic years consisting of a few morphs: the brand new round (RM) plus the flat (FM) morphs, respectively. These two morphs be involved in mutualistic connections which have ants of one’s genus Tetramorium. In summer, a couple winged morphs may seem. That disperses brand new clone to this new grasses whereas, for the places where P. terebinthus exists, one minute winged morph usually travel returning to the main servers to offer delivery towards the intimate morphs. Afg, apterous fundatrigeniae; E, eggs; Fx, fundatrix; M, male; Sf, intimate girls; Sxp, sexuparae; Wfg, winged fundatrigeniae; Wvg, winged virginoparae. The question mark denotes unsure phenology info during the root-dwelling stage (Si Text and Fig. Continua a leggere